Insights about Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)
When shopping, customers rightly expect to find their favorite product available on the shelf. Only few of them think about the complexity of the logistics chain through which that particular product went. The product may have been produced abroad, and then transported by an international freight forwarder, before being warehoused and finally shipped by a distribution center to your local retail shop. In case this product is not satisfactory, it might follow this same chain once again back to the factory! Sooner or later during its life-cycle, every product has to pass through a warehouse, whether it is a production-line, a distribution center or a cold-storage warehouse. Taking only Europe as an example, there are thousands of warehouses, covering several million square meters! Even for just a single retail warehouse, thousands of shipments are received, stored, prepared and forwarded every day. Even if not every warehouse requires a WMS, a proper computer-based solution is required in many cases to handle complexity. For instance, how much time would we need to calculate the total value of goods stored without such a system? Thanks to a booming IT industry and a wide variety of requirements from customers, a great number of technical solutions are available in the market.
WMS: What is it?
Primarily, a WMS is an information system used to support the processing and optimization of logistics operations (goods in, storage, order preparation, goods out, stock count) within the perimeter of one or several warehouse(s) (1). To make it simple, a WMS consists of a piece of software (whether an ERP [1] module or a stand-alone solution not interfaced with an ERP) coupled with Data Acquisition Devices such as bar-code readers for instance. Lately, although the core purpose of a WMS has not changed (control movements and storage of goods), its role is expanding and may include Advanced Logistics such as co-packing or kitting in order to complete accounting functionalities. This overlap between WMS, ERP, DRP [2], TMS [3] or Supply Chain Planning systems generates additional confusion among companies intending to purchase that kind of software (2).
Selecting and Implementing a WMS
First of all, a key question mark is about the opportunity to deploy such a system. In general, WMS applications are costly and require precise and intensive work in terms of setup and ongoing maintenance. Benefits of implementing a WMS are increased accuracy of theoretical inventory (the system inventory, which is supposed to be aligned with the physical inventory), increased efficiency of operations and supporting specific process requirements (wave picking, lot tracking…etc). The implementation of a WMS is not likely to reduce your inventory by itself. In addition, the work needed prior to the purchase of a WMS is essential (design or re-engineering processes, functional perimeter, master data, etc.). Once you know what you expect your system to do and how it is going to affect the organization of your warehouse, you can move on to the WMS selection phase. When the WMS purchase is done (don’t forget about the maintenance costs as well!), the implementation phase can start. Setting it up will be time-consuming but fundamental in making the system fit your processes; for example: zones logic (reception, put away, storage), and locations sequence (where to pick first, where to replenish from, etc.). After the setup, it is time to go live. This is the phase when the system will really turn into a day-to-day companion for warehouse staff. With proper setup, staff training, routine checks and maintenance, your WMS system can function at 100%
Conclusion
We have seen that warehouses are central pieces in the organization of a logistics chain. It is characterized by continuous movement, which in most cases needs an information system in order to run operations at an optimal level. Why don’t you ask your logistics service provider for a system demonstration? There is a lot to learn!
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Sources:
Image source: Lentreprise
Text source (1): Wikipedia
Text source (2): Inventoryops.com
[1] ERP : Enterprise Resource Planning
[2] DRP : Distribution Requirements Planning
[3] TMS: Transportation Management System
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